Written Exam

Written Examination

The written examination is an important component of the firefighter hiring process. This page will help you understand what to expect and how to prepare.

Examination Overview

Purpose

The written exam evaluates cognitive abilities necessary for success as a firefighter, including:

  • Reading comprehension and retention
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Mechanical aptitude
  • Spatial orientation and visualization
  • Problem-solving and logic
  • Following written directions
  • Memory and recall

Format

  • Type: Multiple choice examination
  • Duration: Typically 2-3 hours
  • Questions: Varies (often 100-150 questions)
  • Scoring: Percentage-based or scaled score
  • Passing Score: Minimum score required (typically 70% or as specified)

Impact on Ranking

Your written exam score contributes to your final ranking on the eligibility list, along with:

  • Oral interview score
  • Preference points (if applicable)
  • Other evaluation factors as specified

Content Areas

Reading Comprehension

Questions assess your ability to:

  • Read and understand written passages
  • Identify main ideas and supporting details
  • Draw conclusions from written information
  • Follow written instructions and procedures
  • Understand technical and procedural documents

Example: Read a passage about a fire incident and answer questions about the sequence of events, cause of fire, or proper response procedures.

Mathematical Reasoning

Questions test basic math skills including:

  • Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
  • Fractions, decimals, and percentages
  • Word problems
  • Measurement and conversion
  • Calculating flow rates, distances, or quantities

Example: Calculate how many gallons per minute a pump must deliver, or determine the amount of hose needed for a specific distance.

Mechanical Aptitude

Questions evaluate understanding of:

  • Basic mechanical principles
  • Tools and their uses
  • Cause and effect relationships
  • How mechanical systems work
  • Levers, pulleys, gears, and simple machines

Example: Identify which tool is best for a specific task, or determine which direction a gear will turn.

Spatial Orientation

Questions assess ability to:

  • Read and interpret maps and diagrams
  • Visualize objects from different angles
  • Understand directional information
  • Navigate using map references
  • Determine shortest routes

Example: Use a map to determine the fastest route from the fire station to an emergency location, considering one-way streets and road closures.

Memory and Observation

Questions test your ability to:

  • Recall information from written passages
  • Remember details from diagrams or pictures
  • Observe and recall important details
  • Retain procedural information

Example: Study a picture of an emergency scene for a set time, then answer questions about what you observed.

Judgment and Reasoning

Questions evaluate your ability to:

  • Make sound decisions based on given information
  • Prioritize multiple tasks
  • Apply common sense to situations
  • Follow logical sequences
  • Identify appropriate courses of action

Example: Given a scenario with multiple problems, determine the order of priority for addressing them.

Preparation Tips

Study Materials

  • Study Guides: Purchase firefighter written exam study guides from bookstores or online retailers (popular publishers include Barron’s, Learning Express, Kaplan)
  • Practice Tests: Take multiple practice exams to familiarize yourself with question formats
  • Online Resources: Use free online practice tests and study materials
  • Basic Skills Review: Brush up on reading comprehension, math, and mechanical concepts

Study Strategy

  • Start studying at least 4-6 weeks before the exam
  • Create a study schedule and stick to it
  • Take practice tests under timed conditions
  • Focus extra time on your weaker areas
  • Review basic math concepts if needed
  • Practice reading technical passages
  • Study a little each day rather than cramming

Before Test Day

  • Get a good night’s sleep (8+ hours)
  • Eat a healthy breakfast
  • Avoid alcohol the night before
  • Gather required materials (ID, pencils, etc.)
  • Plan your route to the testing location
  • Arrive 15-30 minutes early

Test Day Tips

What to Bring

  • Valid photo identification
  • Testing confirmation/admission ticket (if provided)
  • #2 pencils and eraser
  • Watch for time management (if allowed)
  • Water bottle (if permitted)

What NOT to Bring

  • Cell phones or electronic devices (will be prohibited)
  • Study materials or notes
  • Calculators (unless specifically allowed)
  • Bags or backpacks (unless specified)

During the Exam

  • Listen carefully to all instructions from proctors
  • Read questions thoroughly before answering
  • Manage your time – don’t spend too long on any one question
  • Answer easy questions first, then return to difficult ones
  • Eliminate wrong answers to improve odds of guessing correctly
  • Watch for key words like “always,” “never,” “except,” “not”
  • Check your work if time permits
  • Fill in answer bubbles completely and correctly
  • Don’t leave blanks unless there’s a penalty for wrong answers
  • Stay calm and focused throughout

After the Exam

Scoring and Results

After the exam:

  • Exams are typically scored within 1-2 weeks
  • Candidates who pass will be notified of next steps
  • You may receive your score or just pass/fail notification
  • Scores may not be subject to appeal or review
  • Candidates who don’t pass are typically removed from the hiring process

If You Don’t Pass

  • You may be eligible to retest in future recruitments
  • Use the experience to better prepare for next time
  • Consider taking a test preparation course
  • Focus on improving weak areas
  • Don’t give up – many successful firefighters needed multiple attempts

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need to know firefighting to pass the exam?

No. The exam tests general cognitive abilities, not firefighting knowledge. However, some scenarios may be set in firefighting contexts.

Can I use a calculator?

Typically no, unless specifically stated otherwise. Math questions are designed to be solved without a calculator.

What if I have a disability and need accommodations?

Contact us as early as possible to request reasonable testing accommodations under the ADA.

Can I retake the exam if I fail?

Generally, you cannot retest during the same recruitment cycle. You may apply and test again in future recruitments.

How much does the written exam count toward my final score?

The weight varies by department. It’s typically combined with oral interview scores and preference points to create a final ranking.

Remember

The written exam is just one component of the hiring process, but it’s an important one. Proper preparation can significantly improve your performance. Don’t underestimate this exam – take it seriously and prepare thoroughly. Your effort will pay off!

Additional Resources